Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. 2018;18(2):6375. The study included twenty (20) participants from the teachers handling online classes in the Junior and Senior High Schools, selected through purposive sampling. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139777, 56. Although most of the strategies were used by teachers regardless of any sociodemographic characteristics, the strategy rationalization was mentioned only by higher education teachers. Garca-Arroyo J, Osca Segovia A. /ItalicAngle 0 This included an open-ended question . We believe that research in this area could help design future strategies to actively support teachers self-care and emotional processing of the pandemic. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. PMC legacy view J)VhsqA.i()|G|(! And then there are those who have returned to in-person instruction, where they face a much higher risk of contracting COVID-19, which creates another kind of stress. The rapid spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives thus far.1 This unprecedented health emergency has taken a toll on the economy of millions of individuals and families and, to date, continues to test the capabilities of health systems worldwide. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Purpose: This study assessed the psychological distress, life satisfaction, and perceived stress of Ecuadorian teachers who adopted online learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are those teachers like Megan, who are teaching virtually and feel like they're working nonstop. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001, 8. . A closer inspection of our results indicates that several sociodemographic characteristics were associated with the assessed variables. Gonzlez-Sanguino C, Ausn B, Castellanos M, et al. Gender differences in the stress levels have also been reported in studies carried out in Austria,45 China,22 Poland,48 and the Philippines,47 in which women presented higher levels of stress than men. anxiety, impacting their self-confidence, relationships, schooling, and jobs. You withdraw yourself from friends and become socially isolated because you're feeling overwhelmed with your work. Similarly, exercising as a family may be linked to physical activity as well as social companionship. To contribute to the growing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on educators, this study turned its focus to the analysis of teachers mental health and well-being. Specifically, it found that the students of teachers who reported higher levels of burnout had higher morning levels of the stress hormone cortisol. 2.1. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. They were expected to deal successfully with a difficult situation, to contend, get by, grapple, make do, make out and manage despite the challenges. The new normal education in the Philippines is at stake without the equal cooperation of the teachers, parents, and learners. 2020;10(6):165. doi:10.3390/educsci10060165, 44. Data suggests that most educators were not prepared to face the technological challenges that came with the pandemic due to a lack of preparedness and experience in terms of digital competencies and remote learning pedagogical methods.21 For others, there is uncertainty on the impact of remote education on academic progress as it has been reported that students experience higher levels of psychological distress due to the pandemic.22 In this new context, the particularities of each student are now visible to some teachers and this can be a cause of stress and feelings of helplessness.23 Female teachers have also had to face the consequences of previously existing gender disparities concerning care and household chores that unequally augmented their demands and responsibilities.24,25. COVID-19 school closure-related changes to the professional life of a K12 teacher, Psychological Distress of University Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria, The impact of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on physical and mental health: a comparison between China and Spain, Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. participants who had previous training and experience with online teaching presented lower levels of emotional distress as well as higher levels of life satisfaction. In addition to these positive coping mechanisms, self-care is a valuable method of coping with stress. Also, the correlation between each measure was calculated using Spearman correlation. 2017;16(1):160940691773384. doi:10.1177/1609406917733847. They also sent an invitation to the Ministry of Education of Ecuador and two private schools in Quito, Ecuadors capital, inviting their personnel and asking them to disseminate the invitation to other potential participants. /Width 137 In the midst of the new normal phenomenon, teachers though not teaching face-to-face are facing the most difficult and challenging times more than ever. ", Leeat would like to see school districts create classes that teach students how to use the technology the district has equipped many of them with. Castellanos-Torres E, Toms Mateos J, Chilet-Rosell E. Salud mental, gnero y enseanza remota durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19 en Mxico. Create a sense of agency. Peate L. Todos somos importantes, pero el docente es imprescindible [We are all important, but teachers are essential]. The protocol of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad de Las Amricas, Ecuador (Ref: 2020-0611). A similar pattern was found in relation to pre-pandemic training. 20. As defined by Lazarus and Folkman (1980), coping strategies are defined as methods employed by people to deal with situations that require a tremendous investment of their resources such as time and effort. Also, our results must be considered with caution as most of the participants were higher education teachers, and data was not analyzed based on their institutions characteristics (eg, public vs private, urban vs rural). More than half of the participants (53.6%, n = 211) declared to take care of children under 11 years and/or adults over 65 years. 60. 2020;277(January):379391. 2. Instrumentation The use of questionnaire and a focus group discussion were utilized to extract the responses of the practice teachers regarding the stressors and coping mechanisms. As can be seen in Table 2, social support was the most frequently used strategy among participants. We conducted this study using a web-based cross-sectional survey that collected quantitative and qualitative information about the experiences of teachers in Ecuador in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. It was negatively correlated with CORE-10 and PSS-10 perceived scores and positively correlated with LS scores, indicating that younger participants were more stressed, had greater levels of psychological distress, and less life satisfaction than older participants. Defense mechanisms and coping strategies are discussed as two different types of adaptational processes. Although most of the strategies were used by teachers regardless of any sociodemographic characteristics, the strategy rationalization was mentioned only by higher education teachers. Teachers who had previous training and experience with online teaching presented lower levels of distress, perceived stress as well as higher levels of life satisfaction. 2020;78:6974. View CHALLENGES-AND-COPING-MECHANISMS-OF-TEACHERS-IN-THE-NEW-NORMAL-GANTT-CHART.xlsx from ENGLISH 1094 at University of Santo Tomas. 2020;89(2):111113. Mohamad Nasri N, Husnin H, Diyana Mahmud S, Halim L. Mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot from Malaysia into the coping strategies for pre-service teachers education, The CORE-10: a short measure of psychological distress for routine use in the psychological therapies, Psychometric properties of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Analysis of experimental subjective well-being data from the annual population survey, Beyond significance testing: reforming data analysis methods in behavioral research, R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 40. Of the total of 394 participants, 56.9% (n = 224) were women and 42.6% (n = 168) were men, 2 participants indicated gender as other. In addition, life satisfaction was high in our sample. They were also given the option to provide qualitative information regarding the coping strategies they used to maintain their emotional well-being during the COVID-19 health emergency. Front Psychol. stream Top, Copyright 2022 Dove Press Ltd >> The following information was collected: This section included questions about participants gender, age, and whether they had caregiving responsibilities of children under 11 years and/or adults over 65 years. In contrast, no differences were found in the CORE-10 nor the LS scores. Front Psychiatry. Kaden U. COVID-19 school closure-related changes to the professional life of a K12 teacher. In China, a study conducted by Huang & Zhao19 found that 35.1% of teachers and students presented moderate symptoms of anxiety and 21% moderate symptoms of depression, whereas in Germany, teachers experienced a medium-to-high amount of stress during lockdown.17 In the United Kingdom (UK), teachers reported high levels of anxiety20 and, in Chile, the pandemic negatively affected teachers quality of life, especially among women and younger teachers.18, Changes in the mental health condition of teachers are possibly associated to changes in their working conditions. This study employed the descriptive research design with the use of Survey Questionnaires, actual in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. We also retain data in relation to our visitors and registered users for internal purposes and for sharing information with our business partners. Overall, our results help understand the mental health state of Ecuadorian teachers during the pandemic; however, some limitations must be acknowledged. Illustrative case study qualitative research was employed in data gathering. 27. In contrast, no differences were found in the CORE-10 nor the LS scores. Interestingly, only one participant explicitly mentioned the use of online social networks as a coping strategy. Markowitz AJ, Bassok D, Smith A, Kiscaden S.Child care teachers experiences with COVID-19: Findings from the study of early education in Louisiana. As a result, teachers have had to continue their job amid a series of circumstances and stressors that may have had a toll on their mental health state. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. We also studied the relation of stress, psychological distress, and life satisfaction with several teaching-related variables that might be relevant to describe possible impacts of online education. Front Psychol. Age was significantly and negatively correlated with the CORE-10 scores (rs = 0.22, 95% CI [0.32, 0.12]) and PSS scores (rs = 0.29, 95% CI [0.38, 0.20]), while it was positively correlated with LS (rs = 0.18, 95% CI [0.008, 0.27]). The Cronbach alpha in the present study was 0.85 with a 95% Confidence Interval [82, 87]. Table 1: Numbers of potential articles identified and subsequently examined for relevance against each of the search terms Objectives The major objective of the present study is to create awareness and minimize the vulnerable behavior of students. But many of them don't have a scheduled time to see her, so if they don't respond to her daily emails about setting up a session, they can go weeks without that support. In our study, we found significant differences between men and women in their levels of perceived stress. Dove Medical Press is a member of the OAI. Those having caregiving responsibilities presented greater levels of psychological distress and perceived stress than those who do not have them. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. This program had 3 phases. Megan says there isn't a part of her job or week that hasn't changed. By deepening teachers engagement through the OCEANS 13 Program guidelines to prevente stress in the psychological. 0.85 with a 95 % Confidence Interval [ 82, 87 ] original version the. In participating read the informed consent which contained the objectives, benefits and Life satisfaction a web-based cross-sectional survey was distributed using the personal and social as! 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